Abstract: Human capital is considered as one of the main inputs in economic growth. Human capital can generate endogenous growth thanks to a continuous process of knowledge and externalities accumulation (Aghion and Howitt, 1998). In that context, this paper explores the relationship between innovation and vocational training. Our methodological approach allows to contribute to the literature in three manners. First, we propose different indicators of vocational training. Second, we build a count data panel with a long time data series. This deals with the issue of non-random selection and potentially with measurement error from short panels. Finally, we explicitly allow for endogeneity and fixed effects using GMM techniques. Estimations are made on a panel data set relative to French industrial firms over the period 1986-1992. Our results indicate that whatever the indicators, vocational training has a positive impact on the technological innovation.